The above definition of 1981 has resonance with that of Sydney Smith written in 1810 in The Edinburgh Review. The independent schools' representative body, the Independent Schools Information Service (ISIS) defined public schools as long-established, student-selective, fee-charging independent secondary schools that cater primarily for children aged between 11 or 13 and 18, and whose head teacher is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC). In England and Wales so-called public schools are not funded from public taxes. The starting point was the contrast between a public school and private teaching. There is no single or absolute definition of a public school, and the use of the term has varied over time and according to context. In 2019, two-thirds of cabinet ministers of the United Kingdom had been educated at such fee-charging schools, although a slim majority of cabinet ministers since 1964 were educated at state schools. Historically, the sons of officers and senior administrators of the British Empire were educated in English public schools whilst their fathers were on imperial postings. Public schools have had a strong association with the ruling classes.
Paul's School) and seven subsequently reformed by the Act: Eton, Shrewsbury, Harrow, Winchester, Rugby, Westminster, and Charterhouse. Nine prestigious schools were investigated by Clarendon (including Merchant Taylors' School and St. Although the term "public school" has been in use since at least the 18th century, its usage was formalised by the Public Schools Act 1868, which put into law most recommendations of the 1864 Clarendon Report. The playing fields of Rugby School, where in 1845 the rules of rugby football were codifiedĪ public school in England and Wales (but not Scotland) is a fee-charging endowed school originally for older boys that was "public" in the sense of being open to pupils irrespective of locality, denomination or paternal trade or profession.
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